Why Men Are Typically Taller Than Women

While studying genetic factors behind different traits in men and women, University of Helsinki researchers have identified a genetic variant on the X sex chromosome that accounts for height differences between the sexes. Sex cells, produced by male and female gonads, contain either an X or a Y chromosome. The fact that females have two X chromosomes and males only have one X chromosome must be taken into account when attributing the difference in traits to variants on the X chromosome. According to the studys head researcher, Professor Samuli Ripatti, The double dose of X-chromosomal genes in women could cause problems during the development. To prevent this, there is a process by which one of the two copies of the X chromosome present in the cell is silenced. When we realized that the height associated variant we identified was nearby a gene that is able to escape the silencing we were particularly excited. The height variant identified influences a gene that is involved in cartilage development. Individuals that possess the height variant tend to be shorter than average. Since women have two copies of the X chromosome variant, they tend to be shorter than men.

Freedom Under Hospitable Captivity Essay - 1370 Words

The Matrix (Andy and Lana Wachowski, 1999) appeals to a Western ideology of freedom in its most general sense by depicting a fight against the enslavement of the human race in a post-apocalyptic world controlled by machines. The machines use the humans, whose minds are trapped in a computer program, as an energy source. In this world of machines, the Wachowskis expand upon the totalitarianism seen in other works of fiction, such as 1984 by George Orwell. The totalitarian state of 1984, Airstrip One, becomes the whole planet in The Matrix, and the oppressed citizens become nearly the entire human race. Only a group of rebels escape from the machines by creating a city below the surface of the earth. The main character, Neo (Keanu†¦show more content†¦His life changes when Trinity (Carrie-Anne Moss) tells him that he is being watched and that the answer to â€Å"What is the Matrix?† is looking for him. After an encounter with Agent Smith (Hugo Weaving), Morpheus g ives Neo the call to action with a phone call that sends Neo to the Adam’s Street Bridge to meet Trinity and later be freed from the Matrix, entering the belly of the whale. Morpheus becomes the supernatural mentor during Neo’s training—the road of trials—aboard the Nebuchadnezzar, the rebel ship. After the agents capture Morpheus in the second call to action, Neo proves that he is the One by saving Morpheus and dealing with the agents, the ultimate boon. In the process, he stops bullets in mid air by opening his mind—using a supernatural force—and makes Agent Smith explode in a guilt-free act of violence. A unique feature of the film is that Neo is not presented with a situation in which to resist temptation. It is unusual that this classic aspect of the Monomyth is left out. Frodo has the ring, Buddha has three women, Christ has the three temptations of the Devil, etcetera.2 Thus, the film follows much of the Monomyth but still mana ges to be unique. Freedom has different definitions and histories in various parts of the world. The most important definition of freedom in the context of The Matrix is that of the Western World. The desire for freedom is not inherent toShow MoreRelatedStudy Questions On Huck Finn 4360 Words   |  18 Pagesabout anything and everything. He believes he’s always right and aggressively takes out his anger on Huck verbally. Huck doesn’t seem to like his father at all. Pap is aggressive with Hucka and although Huck was thankful for Pap because he gave Huck freedom from civilization, it still didn’t make up everything he has done to him. This moment was brief as Huck runs away from his father’s poor treatment and drunk parenting. Pap is angry with Huck for being civilized because Huck is more civilized thanRead More Natty Dreadlocks The Study of the Youth Black Faith and the Bobo Dreads4801 Words   |  20 Pageshave, to administrate to the congregation.In other words, he was the organizer and jah guide of all their meetings. The tableman read all the books that needed to be read because the literacy rate was not high within the group. Although they were under-educated, their organization made them well aware of what they needed to do and what they needed to know. They reinforced the Rastafari idea of being free to come and go based on ones conviction. Warrior or Dreadful were the names given to Youth BlackRead MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 Pagesnasalisation that are distinctive for some Igbo dialects and thus uses a very wide array of consonant symbols. Both dictionaries have many more headwords than the present manuscript because the Williamson dictionary tends to include all derived forms u nder a single headword whereas Echeruo and Igwe list derived forms as separate entries. It will be seen that goals of the various dictionaries are somewhat different and I hope that they will be treated as complementary rather than in competition with one

Erickson’s stage of development Free Essays

Discussion In this third module, we are discussing the human socialization process and how it influences our psychosocial development. After you have read the reading assignment and lecture for the module, please respond to all parts of the discussion by Saturday, December 7, 2013: 1. Identify and describe Erikson’s stages of development as each applies to your own personality formation. We will write a custom essay sample on Erickson’s stage of development or any similar topic only for you Order Now How did success at one stage prepare you for meeting the next challenge? What do you anticipate for stages you have not yet reached? 2. As you progressed through each stage, how did the agents of socialization change as to their level of influence? For any stages you have not yet reached, which agent(s) do you predict will be the most influential? 3. Look in the Argosy University online library and the Internet for information on â€Å"feral children. † Explain why feral children are used as examples of young people for whom the socialization process has been stopped. Stage 1: Infancy†the challenge of trust (versus mistrust). Between birth and about eighteen months, infants face the first of life’s challenges: to gain a sense of trust that heir world is a safe place. Family members play a key role in how any infant meets this challenge. I believe I was very well nurtured at this stage of my life. I have a very loving and caring family. I felt very comfortable with the ones who showed me the love I needed to blossom. Even at this early age I was ready for stage two. Stage 2: Toddlerhood†the challenge of autonomy (versus doubt and shame). The next challenge, up to age three, is to learn skills to cope with the world in a confident way. Failure to gain self-control leads children to doubt their abilities. My family never howed any doubts as to my abilities on any situation. Stage 3: Preschool†the challenge of initiative (versus guilt). Four- and five-year-olds must learn to engage their surroundings†including people outside the family†or experience guilt at having failed to meet the expectations of parents and others. At this stage of my life I did struggle at first. I was not sure how to interact with different people. My family always assured me that being myself would benefit me in the long run. I remember feeling guilty after making a project for my mother. I did not believe it turned out as ell as the others, which made me feel a little inferior to the rest. Again, my mother and family assured me all was well. Stage 4: Preadolescence†the challenge of industriousness (versus inferiority). Between ages six and thirteen, children enter school, make friends, and strike out on their own more and more. They either feel proud of their accomplishments or fear that they do not measure up. I guess at this stage of life I felt proud and yet fearful I did not measure up. Even though I was always proud I still felt like I had to be a chameleon and blend in with a variety of ifferent people. Stage 5: Adolescence†the challenge of gaining identity (versus confusion). During the teen years, young people struggle to establish their own identity. In part, teens identify with others, but they also want to be unique. Almost all teens experience some confusion as they struggle to establish an identity. Through my teen years I was all over the place with my identity, I was a Jock, stoner, the losing end. I quit school because I loved to party with the stoners and whatever other crowd was partying. Stage 6: Young adulthood†the challenge of intimacy (versus isolation). The challenge for young adults is to form and keep intimate relationships with others. Making close friends (and especially, falling in love) involves balancing the need to bond with the need to have a separate identity. I struggled with this part of my life. You never know who your true friends are. Girlfriends came and went. I lived to party and didn’t care about serious relationships. I became a father at 21 with my first of four. That did not slow me down at this stage either; I battled addiction and was not very reliable at all. The one who suffered the most was my daughter. So I was not really prepared to move on in ife. Stage 7: Middle adulthood†the challenge of making a difference (versus self- absorption). The challenge of middle age is to contribute to the lives of others in the family, at work, and in the larger world. Failing at this, people become self-centered, caught up in their own limited concerns. In this stage I started to see the light but still back peddled at times. I got married to the love of my life, had two beautiful girls with her. Things went well for a while but the old mike reared his ugly head causing mistrust and a lot of heartache and anguish in the house. I could not hold a Job. Partying became my life again. I sought help and rekindled the flame with the wife and then BAM, right back to the old ways. I had a son during a brief break up with the wife. This caused more strain and stress. The story could go on and on. I finally got myself right, but it was too late. The people who loved me still loved me but would not trust me again. I am still doing very well at this point, going to school, working etc. Stage 8: Old age†the challenge of integrity (versus despair). Near the end of their lives, people hope to look back on what they have accomplished with a sense of integrity and satisfaction. For those who have been self-absorbed, old age brings only a sense of despair over missed opportunities. My anticipation at this point for this stage is too Just continue doing what I am doing and complete everything I start. Will I be a success? Who knows, only time will tell. A feral child is a human child who has lived isolated from human contact from a very young age, and has no (or little) experience of human care, loving or social behavior, and, crucially, of human language. Some feral children have been confined in isolation by other people, usually their own parents. In some cases, this child bandonment was due to the parents rejecting a child’s severe intellectual or physical impairment. Feral children may have experienced severe child abuse or trauma before being abandoned or running away. Depictions of Feral Children Myths, legends, and fictional stories have depicted feral children reared by wild animals such as wolves and bears. Legendary and fictional feral children are often depicted as growing up with relatively normal human intelligence and skills and an innate sense of culture or civilization, coupled with a healthy dose of survival instincts. Their integration into human society is also made to seem relatively easy. These mythical children are often depicted as having superior strength, intelligence, upbringing they represent humanity in a pure and uncorrupted state, similar to the noble savage. Feral Children in Reality In reality, feral children lack the basic social skills that are normally learned in the process of enculturation. For example, they may be unable to learn to use a toilet, have trouble learning to walk upright, and display a complete lack of interest in the human activity around them. They often seem mentally impaired and have almost insurmountable trouble learning human language. The impaired ability to learn anguage after having been isolated for so many years is often attributed to the existence of a critical period for language learning at an early age, and is taken as evidence in favor of the critical period hypothesis. It is theorized that if language is not developed, at least to a degree, during this critical period, a child can never reach his or her full language potential. The fact that feral children lack these abilities pinpoints the role of socialization in human development. https:// www. boundless. com/sociology/understanding-socialization/the-role-of-socialization/ feral-children/ How to cite Erickson’s stage of development, Papers

International Management

Question: Discuss about theInternational Management. Answer: Introduction: The uncomfortable sense of disharmony, confusion, discord or conflict arising from a change in the cultural environment, is known as cultural dissonance (Daenekindt and Roose 2014). The cultural changes may be sudden, unexplained and not clear as there are a lot of cultural dynamics involved. The individuals exposed to the multiple cultures often face a situation of conflict when they make a transition from one culture to a different culture. This phenomenon may take in the same culture, where there is the existence of a number of sub-cultures (Lee and Jeyaraj 2014). There may be different clashes like spiritual, physical, ethical, identity and others, which may lead to cultural dissonance. This reflective paper would discuss about my personal experiences of the cultural dissonance and how I overcome them. Discussion I travelled to India, one of the most famous country in Asia, last year. I had one month holiday and hence started to explore the world. I visited a southwestern region of India, known as Karnataka, which has some picturesque locales. My tourist guide took me to a remote village to enjoy the natural beauty. I was surprised by the cultural imbalance in the region. There are different caste systems in the village and there was no cordial relationships between the members of the communities (Desai and Dubey 2012). There were severe enmity between the people of two different castes. I witnessed widespread violence all around. My tourist guide, however, told me that it is a normal phenomenon, in this region. I personally felt a great degree of discomfort in the village. I was startled by the level of untouchability practiced in this modern age (Thorat and Joshi 2015). It is severely practiced here and though I had read it earlier, I was shocked to see the real picture of this social taboo. The lower caste people, often known as Scheduled Tribes or the Scheduled Castes or Dalits, were not allowed to enter public places (Rao 2015). They didnt find suitable education or employment opportunities. They were being deprieved from a lot of things. I found this against the humanity. I believed that we are human beings and hence should possess equal rights, but I found that merely being a human being is not sufficient in this village. The upper class people didnt wish to be touched by the lower caste people (Rao 2015). I felt such cruel practice is against humanity and I felt uneasy and wished to run away from the place. I seemed to have lost my cultural identity after witnessing such cultural indifferences. I perceived that culture is concerned with freedom, society obligation, harmony, mutual respect, but I was wrong (Eyerman and McCormick 2015). I was primarily thinking of the western cultural attributes which may not be applicable to all parts of the world. This was causing a cultural dissonance (Eyerman and McCormick 2015). I found out that there are a large number of child laborers in the village (Dumas 2013). Childhood is the time for education and subsequent development of values, beliefs as well as principles. I was again proved wrong after I visited this place. The children of the lower classes were denied access to schools and also their families were not eager to make their ward educated. They were happy to lease out their children and earn some money. I really felt uncomfortable after learning the mentality of the people. These feelings collided with my beliefs and hence caused cultural dissonance (Daenekindt and Roose 2014). I perceive the social boycott as a brutal behavior which I was not previously exposed to. I felt uneasy and started to imagine myself in the same situation. I felt numbness in my head thinking that what would have happened if I was born in this village. I would also have to go through the same kind of things. I believed that my positive mind, individualism, migration, cultural bereavement, social mobility, exposure to the western culture and the beliefs of equality led to the cultural dissonance that I faced in India (Guzder Santhanam-Martin and Rousseau 2014). I overcome the cultural dissonance by taking active measures. I started adjusting to the situation by accepting it as the inherent culture in this part of the world and I should not feel uncomfortable about it (Eyerman and McCormick 2015). I expected differences to come up in the next couple of days. I started to deal positively with the culture shock and accommodate myself in the new culture, at least for a few days. I also started communicating with the locals so that I can get a fairly good idea of the host culture. I also started to make observations of the native people who are accustomed to this culture. I resisted the feeling of losing my own culture and welcomed the new culture as an additional one. I learnt that each culture has some distinct characteristics which makes it unique. It separates it from other cultures. The different culture has a different way of life, habits, customs and opinions. It is good to embrace it rather than feeling uncomfortable. The exposure to dif ferent cultures, not only enhance my knowledge, but also makes me a better human being (Eyerman and McCormick 2015). I was a more mature and confident individual, after I came back. I learnt that I should respect each culture of the world and understand the true essence of it. I should get rid of the negative emotions while travelling to a different culture and instead possess a positive mind. Conclusion I feel that cultural dissonance is an important issue in this age of globalization. The cross border education, trade or travel has become a common phenomenon. In such circumstances, it is necessary to reduce the cultural dissonance, commonly faced by the individuals. I may travel to a foreign land for professional commitments and if I cannot overcome cultural dissonance, then I would have to suffer a lot. This assignment helped me to overcome the cultural dissonance and made me a confident individual. References Daenekindt, S. and Roose, H., 2014. Social mobility and cultural dissonance.Poetics,42, pp.82-97. Desai, S. and Dubey, A., 2012. Caste in 21st century India: competing narratives.Economic and political weekly,46(11), p.40. Dumas, C., 2013. Market imperfections and child labor.World development,42, pp.127-142. Eyerman, R. and McCormick, L., 2015.Myth, Meaning and Performance: Toward a New Cultural Sociology of the Arts. Routledge. Guzder, J., Santhanam-Martin, R. and Rousseau, C., 2014. Gender, Power and Ethnicity in Cultural Consultation. InCultural Consultation(pp. 163-182). Springer New York. Lee, J.J.Y. and Jeyaraj, S., 2014. Effects of self-construal differences on cognitive dissonance examined by priming the independent and interdependent self.SAGE Open,4(1), p.2158244014521434. Rao, A., 2015. Caste System (Dalit/Untouchability).The Encyclopedia of Political Thought. Thorat, A. and Joshi, O., 2015. The Continuing Practice of Untouchability in India: Patterns and Mitigating Influences.India Human Development Study Working Paper,3.